Quantitative Methods and Analysis

Abstract This research report discusses about the impact of age, department, tenure, gender and position on the samples drawn. The gender disparity and its impact on the job satisfaction, how male and female get satisfied with their job. This particular issue was deemed relevant due to its depth and impact on virtually all aspects of an organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Quantitative Methods and Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction A survey was conducted to determine the influence of gender, position, age, department and tenure on job satisfaction. The survey consisted of similar questions on job satisfaction with response options. The participant answered by selecting a value on a seven-point scale. The answers are marked and merged, through a excel, into a personality profile which represents how strongly each of the basic desires features. This was handled anonymously. The results are presented in an easy to use graphics along with a comprehensive assessment report. The scales were formed by adding the values of the individual questions of the scales by giving equal weight to each question. All categorical items on workload and strain were transformed on a value range from 1 (least satisfied) to 7 (most satisfied). In this case, the questions had seven response options with value of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The scale value is computed as the simple average. Answer refusals or participants that answered less than half of the questions are considered missing. For the participants that answered at least half, the scale value was computed as the average of the answered questions. Chosen Variables The variables chosen were gender for qualitative variable and Extrinsic for your quantitative variable. Difference in variable types A qualitative variable sometimes-called predictor variable. It is varied and manipulated by a researcher. It is referred to as presumed cau se of an event.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It determines the value of other variables. It is manipulated to create an effect on other variable (Bhattacharya and Johnson, 1997).). Quantitative variables are the variables, which a researcher/experimenter measures after altering other variables which affect quantitative variable (Wierenga Bruggen, 1998). This case is sufficient to understand the significance of both the quantitative and qualitative variables in a quantitative research methodology. The values of qualitative variables are derived from quantitative variables which can be altered further by variation the values of quantitative variables(Healy, 2009). Qualitative variable is considered as presumed cause of an event where as a quantitative variable is considered as the presumed effect of an event. The major difference between an qualitative and a quantitative v ariable is that quantitative values of qualitative variable can be altered by changing the values of the qualitative variable. It means that the values of qualitative variable are constant while those of quantitative variables are prior to changes (Babbie, 2009). Descriptive statistics: Qualitative variable Gender Mean 1.361111111 Standard Error 0.057003815 Median 1 Mode 1 Standard Deviation 0.483693406 Sample Variance 0.233959311 Kurtosis -1.699079748 Skewness 0.590692951 Range 1 Minimum 1 Maximum 2 Sum 98 Count 72 Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1.00 46 63.9 63.9 63.9 2.00 26 36.1 36.1 100.0 Total 72 100.0 100.0 Explanation of descriptive statistics From the table above, it could be suggested that the standard deviations are close to the mean value of the variable. The reason for using gender is that on two options either 1 of two. The standard deviations are 0.4837 on either side of the mean. Furthermor e, by observing the values of the variable collected 72 participants it could be concluded that the data is normally distributed as majority of the values lie within two standard deviations of the mean value. This is further proved by comparing the mean, median and mode values obtained in the table. The mode and mode are 1. Descriptive statistics: Quantitative variableAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Quantitative Methods and Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Extrinsic Mean 5.447222222 Standard Error 0.050659663 Median 5.6 Mode 5.7 Standard Deviation 0.429861498 Sample Variance 0.184780908 Kurtosis 1.424527887 Skewness -0.910864474 Range 2.2 Minimum 4.6 Maximum 6.8 Sum 392.2 Count 72 Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 4.60 13 18.1 18.1 18.1 5.50 14 19.4 19.4 37.5 5.60 22 30.6 30.6 68.1 5.70 22 30.6 30.6 98.6 6.80 1 1.4 1.4 100.0 Total 72 100.0 100.0 Explanation of descriptive statistics Table above showed that statistical data derived using the excel program. Based on the statistical data, the mean was 5.45 with a standard deviation value of 0.4299. From this table, it could be inferred that mean, median and mode values are very close to each other, which is supportive of the normal distribution of data. The table presents an approximate normal distribution and showed homogeneity of variance. If these amounts were arranged on a graph, the frequency distribution would reflect the process variability. The values would be clustered close to the process average, but some of the values would vary somewhat from the mean. They too would have a distribution of values. Chart/Graph for qualitative variable Description of Chart Looking at the gender of the respondents it indicates that 26 were females and 46 were males this represents 36% and 64% of females and males respectively. Chart/Graph for quantitative variable Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Description of Chart The chart shows that 5.6 and 5.7 scales had 22 respondents each while 4.6 and 5.5 had 14 and 13 respectively, only one had 6.8 score. Explanation of standard deviation and variance Standard deviation is the variations from the mean while variance square of the standard deviations. The standard deviation shows that the data has a greatest deviation from the mean. What it means that the mean is widely dispersed that’s why it has a larger standard deviation. This reflects the averaging that occurs in computing the sample means: high and low values in samples tend to offset each other, resulting in less variability among sample means than among individuals’ values. Note that both distributions have the same mean; the mean of the sampling distribution is exactly equal to the mean of the process. Finally, note that the sampling distribution is normal distribution, even if the process distribution isn’t normal. The central limit theorem provides th e basis for the assumption that the sampling distribution will be normal or at least approximately normal, even if the population is not. The normal distribution can be used to help judge whether a process is performing adequately. If the output reflects only random variability, one would conclude that the process is stable. However, if there were evidence of nonrandom variability, one would conclude that the process is unstable. Importance of charts and graphs In a charts and graph shows how the variable are distributed. They are pictorial representation of the results of the company. The finding through the diagram is further reinforced by the value of the tables between the variables under consideration. Conclusion From the results analysis above, it can be concluded most people interviewed are satisfied. The present study also dissuades any conception about the differences between male and female in job satisfaction. The study treats both genders at par. However, there are tradi tional arguments suggesting that males tend to be more aggressive and dominating, and demanding as well as have stakes in major decision-making processes. Whereas, females behave in a submissive manner and do not have bargaining power comparing to male counterparts. These are not considered and invalidated as out of scope for this particular study. References Babbie, E. R. (2009). The basics of Social Research. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. Bhattacharya, G., Johnson, R. (1997). Statistical Concepts and Methods. New York: John Wley Sons. Healy, J. F. (2009). Statics: A Tool for Social Research. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. Wierenga, B., Bruggen, G. V. (1998). The Dependent Variable In Research Into Effects of Creativity Support System: Quality and Quantity of Ideas. M I S Quarterly , 81-87. This essay on Quantitative Methods and Analysis was written and submitted by user Charlie Wolfe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ethics of human cloning essays

Ethics of human cloning essays On February 23, 1997, news traveled around the world that scientists in Scotland had successfully cloned an adult sheep. What had previously seemed impossible, even to many scientists, was suddenly a reality. The sheep, named Dolly, had only one biological parent and possessed a genetic code identical to that of her original parent. Within days, the publics amazement over this development turned to questions of whether the technology that had produced Dolly could also be used to clone human beings. President Bill Clinton declared a moratorium on federal funding for human cloning research and appointed a commission to review the legal and ethical issues associated with the cloning of humans. More than three years later, there is still uncertainty about whether it will ever be possible to safely clone human beings. The scientists who cloned Dolly succeeded only once in a project involving the creation of 278 sheep embryos. The possibility of deformities and health risks in human children, as well as overwhelming public opposition to unrestricted cloning research, has led some U.S. lawmakers to call for a ban on human cloning, although no federal legislation has yet been passed. Medical and technical considerations are certainly not the only concerns surrounding the possibility of human cloning. The most contentious and difficult questions associated with human cloning are moral and religious in nature. Any discovery that touches upon the human creation is not simply a matter of scientific inquiry, President Clinton said in an Oval Office ceremony. It is a matter of morality and spirituality as well. In a recent poll presented by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life and the Pew Research Center for the People unrestricted scientific research related to human cloning and respondents most ofte ...

Formal and Informal Management of Risks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Formal and Informal Management of Risks - Essay Example There can be a positive news though as some of what had appeared as risks would turn out as actually opportunities. Thus, monitoring on how the risks would unfold is a must. Investors can use indicators in monitoring risks. Price, price change, price change over time, the speed of price change and price movements in relation to a price reference like the price of the stock or equity, a year ago, two years ago, three years ago, or based on the equity’s average price over a period of history. All these are indicators or variables from which indicators can be developed or devised to put up a monitoring system in how risks may be developed and transform into serious threats or even opportunities. The monitoring system, for example, may identify what indicators or variables to monitor as well as the schedule in which the monitoring should take place. Meanwhile, Wood et al. focused on the management of risk as an element of risk governance and internal control. The Wood et al. persp ective only emphasize that the management of risks must be considered as an everyday task of management. In this  way, however, life is also a management of risks. In living we are confronted with many risks: risk of bankruptcy with a major change in the prices of equity, hurricane, typhoon, drought, tsunami, earthquake, heat wave, climate change and the like. Some of the risks are particularly important in some periods and some become less important in a particular period. Our lives have informally developed a monitoring system for these.

The Role of a PPC Manager in a Leading Company Term Paper

The Role of a PPC Manager in a Leading Company - Term Paper Example Goals could be varied for clients. For some clients, the aim is branding and for some others, it could be a direct response. Some clients focus on improving their return on investment and some others focus on improving the traffic to their website. The role of the PPC Manager also involves identifying the goals of the clients, setting up, and maintaining the campaign in such a way that the aim of the client is fulfilled. Based on job analysis, the key aspects of the role include managing a portfolio of client accounts, interacting directly with the clients to understand their business, driving revenue and improving customer satisfaction. The PPC Manager should be able to optimize the performance of the campaign, set and implement strategies to achieve the goal of the client and demonstrate product expertise on PPC models. Apart from being an expert on analytics and reporting, they should also demonstrate their expertise on industry trends and customer education.   The basic pre-requisite of the candidate is to have around 3 years of experience in key account management, have proficiency in Microsoft Excel, be flexible and open, have very good communication and interpersonal skills. The candidate also should be a graduate with a good academic background. The HR Executive would conduct the phone screen interview. The aim of this interview is to see if the candidate fulfills the basic criterion required for the job.  

Walmart. Final project Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Walmart. Final project - Lab Report Example SWOT analysis refers to the evaluation of an organization strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. A SWOT analysis offers an insight into an organization management strategy and the potential for success. Wal-Mart is an international company that provides home-based products at affordable prices. The company utilizes its strength in each of the market distributed worldwide, to meet the demands of their international and regional consumers. This paper seeks to provide a strategic insight of the company and a detailed SWOT analysis. Wal-Mart is a large wholesale distributor in the world that can afford modern construction technologies. For instance, during the year 2011, the company was ranked position one by Fortune 500 (Morse & Glassman, 30-40). Its operations are distributed worldwide and there is no worthy rival. Owing to its large influence on the market, Wal-Mart has the potential to replicate its best architectural techniques in all its stalls across the world (Roberts & Berg, 40). Wal-Mart uses variety of construction materials such as red bricks, steel-iron alloys, and coagulated tiles. In addition, it can suit its construction model with its retail products that cover cuts across different categories including apparels, domestic wares, and grocery. Wal-Mart’s dominant position allows it to benefit from high sales volume. In general, Wal-Mart’s strength includes international operations, scale of operations, wide range of products and cost leadership strategy (Hicks, 20-25). Wal-Mart is large supplier of domestic products and operates vast centers that require large construction space. This acts as a disadvantage as the company limit cannot expand beyond urban areas due to space. Research has shown that Wal-Mart has experienced loss in its store sales for the last eight years due to limited space (Kneer, 24). As such, Wal-Mart is required to develop new stores to accommodate fully its strengths concentrated in urban areas. This is

International and global language

International and global language Introduction During the time, human societies across the world begin to contact with each others. When we travel to different countries we can find many similarities. The style of living, eating, shopping among people of different cultures are in the same way. Mc Donalds restaurants around the world are an example of these similarities. Globalization, which includes these meanings, is the process in which interrelation and interdependence of the world increases, specially in the last two decades. Technological improvements made easy for people to communicate better, for instance through internet they can communicate, travel and do international businesses easily. Globalization has increased opportunities for almost every one. Globalization helps human to exchange the ideas and beliefs. Today, much religion, historic and scientific books are available among different people from different nationalities. In the 21th century the English language plays an important function in the development of globalization. Today English become an important language for communicating. Many people use English language for varies purposes in their daily life. English is the language of technology and internet. Without knowing English we cant have a successful life. English is a vehicle for participation in the global economy. Parents want their children to learn English to have a better future. By learning English they can enter to the international trade and business. The global spread of English over the last 40 years is remarkable. English penetrate into many societies. Over 1.4 billion people live in countries where English has official status. One out of five of the worlds population speaks English. The number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed the number of native speakers. Know we are going to express why English become an international and global language in the world: After industrial revolution in 18th century and also during the 20th century many technological inventions such as telephone, electricity, fax, internet, etc became from English language countries. Countries with the economic and political powers can spread their languages into other countries. There are 3 parts in the world that English spoken in them. Native speaker such as: 1- England , USA, Canada, New Zealand Non native speaker: 2- South Africa 3-Asia: India, Malaysia, Pakistan There is a different view among people in learning English. Some of them have a positive view and others are negative. Many believe, learning a new language would be treating their own language. This idea is strong especially among those countries which believe English is an imperialism language developed by powerful countries. They believe powerful countries try to impose their language and culture to the world. When a new language merge to these societies, people realize their identity and respected language is going to be devaluated. In some cases people may look at a person who uses English in speaking as a segregationist or as people who want to corrupt a unity of people by bringing a new language or they are westernized. Occasionally those people who speak English in a localized context are ostracized by others. They have a negative view about English and English speakers; this view is coming from the policy and culture of the government which spread it among people. In a society which the majority of people speak a common language and reflexes their identity through this tool, speaking another language is then an unusual phenomenon. In addition the significant point is, the effect of environment on those people who speak English, they avoid using English in a public place, this is because they fear of condemnation and prohibition of their countryman. Many people believe during the time by knowing English, their culture and belief gradually would be change, English bring a power to them. Although others believe by knowing English they can access to information, because today many scientific materials such as books or internet are in English. teaching and learning English is a more complex task. And language learner is a complicated social being. ESL speakers are aware of the opportunities that mastering English as the dominant world language can bring to their lives Today English is an important second language and is the official second language and also it is used in the urban cities, in business and commerce and private sector. The view of rejecting English speaking people by some countries sounds to be true about postcolonial countries as Malaysia and some others which have a negative view about learning a new language. In contrast, in some countries knowing and speaking English is considered as a great advantage to be attracted by others. For instance, in Iran the person who is proficient in English is always respected by others especially in an academic environment. The students being aware of the need for English as an international language and also the language of technology particularly in 21st century (the age of communication) try to gather around this competent person to get benefit of his/her knowledge. As it mentioned in above, there is a positive view about learning a global language among the students of Iran. One of the desires of the students and parents in Iran is to be proficient in English. Parents register their children from the early age in the English institute; hope their children learn English to have a better future. Unfortunately the government policy is in contrast. The educational system in teaching English has many problems. In recent years there werent any significant progress in making a better system in teaching the students of schools. Unfortunately in Iran, the ministry of education doesnt make any decision. As I mentioned in the previous texts they believe by learning English their culture and identity would be in danger. This policy has damaged in many cases. For example we dont have enough international people in our country. Although Iran is one of the most beautiful countries in the Middle East but the number of people who travel to Iran for entertaining and visiting is not suitable. People can see hardly international people in their country, thats why they lose their chance to improve their English by communicate with them. People in Iran wish to be fluent in English but they can hardly achieve to this goal. Many of them try to learn English by their own sources. Speaking and listening skills among the students in Iran is poor. As we know this skills improve by communicating in the social context. Another problem that we have in Iran; There are many English books for educational purposes which are available in bookstores, most of them written by foreign author, few of them written by Iranian author. It is believed that English books which is written by foreigner have specific style and goal and they are not suitable .This books dont provide our specific goals. Definition of constructivism: Constructivism is one of the best structures in learning. This theory describes how students can understand the new world and constructs it by connecting their own experiences, those kinds of experiences which they gain during their life time. Each of us produces the specific rules and models which arises from our mental activity. By thinking and engaging in mental activity we can make new information and knowledge. The purpose of learning among learners is to construct hisher own meaning, not only memorize what others express to them, or imitation someone else meaning. In the school constructivism teacher encourage students to be independence and try to give them limit resources and information and led them to think individually in the lessons. Teachers want students to think, explore new hypotheses and information. Unfortunately in Iran we can see the learners do not participate in the process of learning. They have a fix curriculum which schools give it to them at the beginning of the year and they have specific books. They necessarily need to learn from the resources which schools give it to them. They cant engage in any other activity. They should listen to what teacher teaches, without challenging in the class. Also one of the beliefs in the constructivism theory is to connect the data and make a new fact. Students in Iran dont have enough background in English language and its culture. They start learning English from guidance school which is late in the process of learning. As we mentioned, they hardly can see an Englishman and it culture in their country, this lead to a culture shock. When they start learning, every thing is new, both culture and language, so thats why they dont have any information to connect with each other and make a new one. Socio-constructivism: In socio constructivism, the learners negotiate and share meanings with each other and also teacher. They discuss about the lessons in groups. Students cooperate and express new ideas in the class. Students work together and build new knowledge in cooperation with one another while benefiting from the knowledge and skill of others. Learning is a social activity .Our learning is associated with others human beings, our teachers, classmate and e.g. Schools in Iran are in contrast. The classes are teacher-center. This means the teacher teaches and students listen without exchanging any information and idea. Students must seat for a long time without participating in any activity. They feel tired after finishing the class. The teachers need to engage students in work group to think about issues and questions. One of the best methods that we see in UKM University in the school of English linguistic study is lectures want students to do assignments in group work these help students to interact with their classmates and discuss about their study. By sharing idea and information students create a new meaning and by this way they can understand and memorize better. We have a problem in the university as well as schools. Memorizing is popular in Iran. Students must study the certain books which schools provide them. Social Cognitive Theory, used in psychology, education, and communication, posits that portions of an individuals knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences(Wikipedia) Through culture children acquire enough knowledge and they would be able to think. In short, according to the social cognition learning model, culture teaches children both what to think and how to think. Cognitive development can be appearing between students by discussing in the classroom with their classmates. Through discussion they learn to chare experiences and solve their problem. As I mentioned in the previous texts, in Iran the role of teachers in the class is only teach the certain book and material. Teachers dont encourage students in work group. Students study individually. They dont have any interaction in the class for learning better. English language in Iran is teaches as a foreign language not as a second language. Teachers have responsibly to give enough motivation to students but unfortunately they dont attention to it because they think English couldnt help learners in their social life. Therefore they look at English as a foreign language and usually foreign languages and cultures couldnt help people in social life. That why they dont attention to their duties to give motivation to learners and just obey the system of education in Iran. This view causes teachers dont use English well in the class and they mostly mention to grammar. Student in this environment would not learn the culture of English language and skills for speaking and communicating.

Consumer rights :: essays research papers

Caveat Emptor  Let the buyer beware  Consumer should be responsible about what he wants to buy, prices and quality  Upto the consumer to chose wisely Consumer Protection  Sometimes impossible to know whether the product is will work properly or not  At point of sale consumer are protected by law concerning some aspects of their purchases despite principal of caveat emptor Consumer Rights  United Nations Guidelines on Consumer Rights- 8 basic consumer rights that as consumers we are entitled to  Rights are  SAFETY - products/services should not hidden safety hazards in natural use - Fair Trading Act NSW has safety standards for particular types of products - Unsafe products can be banned ( product faulty and can not be sold again) or recalled (all stock taken back repaired and then put on the shelves)  INFORMATION - information provided to customers must be accurate – consumer must be able to make an informed choice - labeling/advertising must not be misleading - Information required by law: - Prices - Capability of the product - Content and weight of packages - Care and size labeling on clothing - Country of origin of product - Safety instructions of use of the use of dangerous products - Fiber content of soft goods like soft toys - Date stamping - Additive labeling of foods and drinks i.e. colouring  CHOICE - chose from a section of products - but or refuse to buy goods o services - to chose the seller they want to but from - to be free from unreasonable pressure to buy  RIGHT TO BE HEARD - if small shop is difficult to be heard because no superiors - if large company you can: - talk to manger - make bad publicity - if concerning the law talk to Department of Fair Trading - If government co operation then talk to OMBUD (representative from the government) - Australian Consumers Association – group of consumers  SATISFACTION OF BASIC NEEDS - access to basic essential goods and services - adequate food clothing shelter health care education and sanitation  TO REDRESS - Receive a fair settlement of just claims including compensation for misrepresentation, shoddy goods or unsatisfactory services - Can ask for refund, replacement, repair - Faulty goods - Goods that are not fit for the purpose - Foods that are different to the example or description given - Services not carried out with due care or skill  CONSUMER EDUCATION - inform themselves on specifications, requirements, capabilities of product or service - part of consumer’s responsibility - understand any terms condition contracts legal documents they sign - Before consumer buys should - Think - Is product necessary (avoid impulse buying) Consumer rights :: essays research papers Caveat Emptor  Let the buyer beware  Consumer should be responsible about what he wants to buy, prices and quality  Upto the consumer to chose wisely Consumer Protection  Sometimes impossible to know whether the product is will work properly or not  At point of sale consumer are protected by law concerning some aspects of their purchases despite principal of caveat emptor Consumer Rights  United Nations Guidelines on Consumer Rights- 8 basic consumer rights that as consumers we are entitled to  Rights are  SAFETY - products/services should not hidden safety hazards in natural use - Fair Trading Act NSW has safety standards for particular types of products - Unsafe products can be banned ( product faulty and can not be sold again) or recalled (all stock taken back repaired and then put on the shelves)  INFORMATION - information provided to customers must be accurate – consumer must be able to make an informed choice - labeling/advertising must not be misleading - Information required by law: - Prices - Capability of the product - Content and weight of packages - Care and size labeling on clothing - Country of origin of product - Safety instructions of use of the use of dangerous products - Fiber content of soft goods like soft toys - Date stamping - Additive labeling of foods and drinks i.e. colouring  CHOICE - chose from a section of products - but or refuse to buy goods o services - to chose the seller they want to but from - to be free from unreasonable pressure to buy  RIGHT TO BE HEARD - if small shop is difficult to be heard because no superiors - if large company you can: - talk to manger - make bad publicity - if concerning the law talk to Department of Fair Trading - If government co operation then talk to OMBUD (representative from the government) - Australian Consumers Association – group of consumers  SATISFACTION OF BASIC NEEDS - access to basic essential goods and services - adequate food clothing shelter health care education and sanitation  TO REDRESS - Receive a fair settlement of just claims including compensation for misrepresentation, shoddy goods or unsatisfactory services - Can ask for refund, replacement, repair - Faulty goods - Goods that are not fit for the purpose - Foods that are different to the example or description given - Services not carried out with due care or skill  CONSUMER EDUCATION - inform themselves on specifications, requirements, capabilities of product or service - part of consumer’s responsibility - understand any terms condition contracts legal documents they sign - Before consumer buys should - Think - Is product necessary (avoid impulse buying)